Is o-Toluidine (2-methylaniline) safe for babies and kids?
Very high risk for kidsNot medical or professional safety advice, and not a substitute for a qualified clinician — consult one. Full disclaimer →
(Babies-specific data is limited; this page draws from human pregnant context.) Pregnancy alters the metabolism and distribution of o-Toluidine (2-methylaniline), potentially increasing fetal exposure. The developing embryo/fetus is vulnerable during organogenesis (weeks 3-8) and neurological development. Placental transfer should be assumed.
What is o-toluidine (2-methylaniline)?
The IUPAC name is 2-methylaniline.
Also known as: 2-methylaniline, o-Toluidine, 2-Toluidine, o-Tolylamine.
- IUPAC name
- 2-methylaniline
- CAS number
- 95-53-4
- Molecular formula
- C7H9N
- Molecular weight
- 107.15 g/mol
- SMILES
- CC1=CC=CC=C1N
- PubChem CID
- 7242
Risk for babies
Very high riskPregnancy alters the metabolism and distribution of o-Toluidine (2-methylaniline), potentially increasing fetal exposure. The developing embryo/fetus is vulnerable during organogenesis (weeks 3-8) and neurological development. Placental transfer should be assumed.
Suspected reproductive toxicant (GHS H361) or suspected endocrine disruptor. Precautionary approach warranted. Animal studies or limited human data suggest developmental toxicity potential.
Risk for pregnant and nursing people
Very high riskPregnancy alters the metabolism and distribution of o-Toluidine (2-methylaniline), potentially increasing fetal exposure. The developing embryo/fetus is vulnerable during organogenesis (weeks 3-8) and neurological development. Placental transfer should be assumed.
Suspected reproductive toxicant (GHS H361) or suspected endocrine disruptor. Precautionary approach warranted. Animal studies or limited human data suggest developmental toxicity potential.
Regulatory consensus
17 regulatory and scientific bodies have classified o-Toluidine (2-methylaniline). The classifications differ — that's the data.
| Agency | Year | Classification | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| IARC | 2010 | Group 1 | |
| US EPA | 2010 | likely human carcinogen | |
| EPA CTX / NIOSH | — | potential occupational carcinogen | |
| EPA CTX / NTP RoC | — | Known Human Carcinogen | |
| EPA CTX / IARC | — | Group 1 - Carcinogenic to humans | |
| EPA CTX / CalEPA | — | Known human carcinogen | |
| EPA CTX / Genetox | — | Genotoxicity: positive (Ames: positive, 14 positive / 16 negative reports) | |
| EPA CTX / Genetox | — | Genotoxicity: positive (Ames: positive, 14 positive / 16 negative reports) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | Eye Irritation: Eye Irrit. 2 (score: high) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | Eye Irritation: Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2A (score: high) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | Eye Irritation: Category 2A (score: high) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | Skin Irritation: Not classified (score: low) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | Eye Irritation: Eye Irrit. 2 (score: high) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | Eye Irritation: Category 6.4A (Category 2A) (score: high) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA): Not likely to be sensitizing (score: low) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | eye irritation: in vivo: Corrosive or Irritation Persists for > 21 days (score: very high) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | skin irritation: in vivo: Severe Irritation (score: high) |
Regulators apply different standards of evidence — animal-data weighting, exposure-pattern assumptions, epidemiological power thresholds — which is why two scientific bodies can review the same data and reach different conclusions. The disagreement is the data.
Where kids encounter o-toluidine (2-methylaniline)
- Industrial Facilities — Manufacturing plants, Chemical storage areas, Waste treatment sites
- Occupational Environments — Factories, Warehouses, Transportation vehicles
Safer alternatives
Lower-risk approaches that achieve a similar outcome to o-Toluidine (2-methylaniline):
-
Natural dyes (indigo, madder, weld) where applicable
Trade-offs: Lower colorfastness. Limited palette. Higher cost per unit.Relative cost: 2-5×
-
Reactive dyes with lower aquatic toxicity
Trade-offs: Not suitable for all fiber typesRelative cost: 1.2-2×
Frequently asked questions
What products contain o-toluidine (2-methylaniline)?
o-Toluidine (2-methylaniline) appears in: Manufacturing plants (Industrial facilities); Chemical storage areas (Industrial facilities); Factories (Occupational environments); Warehouses (Occupational environments).
Why do regulators disagree about o-toluidine (2-methylaniline)?
o-Toluidine (2-methylaniline) has been classified by 17 agencies including IARC, US EPA, EPA CTX / NIOSH, EPA CTX / NTP RoC, EPA CTX / IARC, with differing conclusions. Regulators apply different standards of evidence (animal data weighting, exposure-pattern assumptions, epidemiological power thresholds), which is why two scientific bodies can review the same data and reach different conclusions. See the regulatory consensus table on this page for the full picture.
See o-Toluidine (2-methylaniline) in the baby app
Look up products containing o-toluidine (2-methylaniline), compare to alternatives, and explore the full data record.
Open in baby View raw API dataSources (3)
- IARC Monographs Volume 99: o-Toluidine — Group 1; Bladder Cancer in Goodyear Niagara Falls Rubber Chemical Workers; Reclassification from 2A; N-Hydroxylation Mechanism (2010) — iarc_monograph
- Ward EM et al. (1996): Monitoring of aromatic-amine exposures in workers at a chemical plant with a known bladder-cancer excess (J Natl Cancer Inst; Goodyear Niagara Falls cohort). PMID 8683635 (1996) — study
- NIOSH Alert: Preventing Bladder Cancer from Exposure to o-Toluidine and Aniline (DHHS/NIOSH Pub. 90-116) (1990) — regulatory
Reference data, not professional advice. Aggregates publicly available regulatory and scientific data; not a substitute for medical, pediatric, legal, or regulatory advice. Why we built ALETHEIA →