Baby Safety / Compounds / Moniliformin

Is Moniliformin safe for babies and kids?

Moderate risk for kids

Infants are more vulnerable to Moniliformin than children or adults due to immature hepatic/renal clearance, higher intake-to-body-weight ratio, rapid organ development, and increased gastrointestinal absorption.

What is moniliformin?

The IUPAC name is sodium 3,4-dioxocyclobuten-1-olate.

Also known as: sodium 3,4-dioxocyclobuten-1-olate, 3-CYCLOBUTENE-1,2-DIONE, 3-HYDROXY-, SODIUM SALT, RefChem:1067650, DTXCID90144063.

IUPAC name
sodium 3,4-dioxocyclobuten-1-olate
CAS number
71376-34-6
Molecular formula
C4HNaO3
Molecular weight
120.04 g/mol
SMILES
C1=C(C(=O)C1=O)[O-].[Na+]
PubChem CID
23691721

Risk for babies

Moderate risk

Infants are more vulnerable to Moniliformin than children or adults due to immature hepatic/renal clearance, higher intake-to-body-weight ratio, rapid organ development, and increased gastrointestinal absorption.

Neonates and infants up to 12 months have incomplete blood-brain barrier development, immature Phase I/II metabolic enzymes (particularly CYP3A4, UGT1A1), and higher gastrointestinal permeability. Equivalent doses produce higher internal concentrations and longer residence times.

What to do: Minimize infant exposure through source control. For breastfeeding mothers: reduce maternal exposure. For formula-fed infants: use certified low-migration bottles and verified water sources. Consult pediatrician regarding any concerns.

Risk for pregnant and nursing people

Context-dependent

Pregnancy alters the metabolism and distribution of Moniliformin, potentially increasing fetal exposure. The developing embryo/fetus is vulnerable during organogenesis (weeks 3-8) and neurological development. Placental transfer should be assumed.

No specific reproductive toxicity data identified, but pregnancy-specific safety data is limited for most chemicals. Precautionary minimization of exposure is recommended.

What to do: Minimize exposure during pregnancy and lactation. Consult healthcare provider regarding specific risks. Consider alternative products with lower hazard profiles.

Regulatory consensus

1 regulatory bodyhas classified Moniliformin.

AgencyYearClassificationNotes
EFSA (scientific opinion on moniliformin as undesirable substance in animal feed and food, 2018)2018no carcinogenicity classification; Fusarium mycotoxin; cardiotoxic in poultry and rodents at high doses; simple 3-hydroxy-3-cyclobutenedione structure; co-occurs with fumonisins in maize; EFSA established TDI of 0.4 μg/kg bw/day (2018); no IARC, NTP, or US EPA carcinogenicity classification

Regulators apply different standards of evidence — animal-data weighting, exposure-pattern assumptions, epidemiological power thresholds — which is why two scientific bodies can review the same data and reach different conclusions. The disagreement is the data.

Where kids encounter moniliformin

  • Industrial Facilities — Manufacturing plants, Chemical storage areas, Waste treatment sites
  • Occupational Environments — Factories, Warehouses, Transportation vehicles

Safer alternatives

Lower-risk approaches that achieve a similar outcome to Moniliformin:

  • Prevention (storage and agricultural practices)
    Trade-offs: Zero point-of-use emissions; shifts emissions to power generation (grid-dependent); lower operating cost; higher capital cost; infrastructure requirements (charging, grid capacity); rapidly improving economics.
    Relative cost: 1.2-2×

Frequently asked questions

Is moniliformin safe for kids?

Infants are more vulnerable to Moniliformin than children or adults due to immature hepatic/renal clearance, higher intake-to-body-weight ratio, rapid organ development, and increased gastrointestinal absorption.

What products contain moniliformin?

Moniliformin appears in: Manufacturing plants (Industrial facilities); Chemical storage areas (Industrial facilities); Factories (Occupational environments); Warehouses (Occupational environments).

What should I do if my child is exposed to moniliformin?

Minimize infant exposure through source control. For breastfeeding mothers: reduce maternal exposure. For formula-fed infants: use certified low-migration bottles and verified water sources. Consult pediatrician regarding any concerns.

See Moniliformin in the baby app

Look up products containing moniliformin, compare to alternatives, and explore the full data record.

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Sources (1)
  1. EFSA Scientific Opinion Moniliformin Animal Feed Food 2018: TDI 0.4 μg/kg bw/day; Fusarium moniliforme Maize; Cardiotoxic Poultry Rodents; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Inhibition; Co-occurs Fumonisins; No Genotoxicity; No Carcinogenicity Classification (2018) — regulatory

Reference data, not professional advice. Aggregates publicly available regulatory and scientific data; not a substitute for veterinary, medical, legal, or regulatory advice. Why we built ALETHEIA →