Baby Safety / Compounds / Caffeic acid

Is Caffeic acid safe for babies and kids?

Context-dependent for kids

(Babies-specific data is limited; this page draws from human pregnant context.) Pregnancy alters the metabolism and distribution of Caffeic acid, potentially increasing fetal exposure. The developing embryo/fetus is vulnerable during organogenesis (weeks 3-8) and neurological development. Placental transfer should be assumed.

What is caffeic acid?

The IUPAC name is (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid.

Also known as: (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid, 3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacrylic acid, 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid.

IUPAC name
(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
CAS number
331-39-5
Molecular formula
C9H8O4
Molecular weight
180.16 g/mol
SMILES
C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)O
PubChem CID
689043

Risk for babies

Context-dependent

Pregnancy alters the metabolism and distribution of Caffeic acid, potentially increasing fetal exposure. The developing embryo/fetus is vulnerable during organogenesis (weeks 3-8) and neurological development. Placental transfer should be assumed.

No specific reproductive toxicity data identified, but pregnancy-specific safety data is limited for most chemicals. Precautionary minimization of exposure is recommended.

What to do: Minimize exposure during pregnancy and lactation. Consult healthcare provider regarding specific risks. Consider alternative products with lower hazard profiles.

Risk for pregnant and nursing people

Context-dependent

Pregnancy alters the metabolism and distribution of Caffeic acid, potentially increasing fetal exposure. The developing embryo/fetus is vulnerable during organogenesis (weeks 3-8) and neurological development. Placental transfer should be assumed.

No specific reproductive toxicity data identified, but pregnancy-specific safety data is limited for most chemicals. Precautionary minimization of exposure is recommended.

What to do: Minimize exposure during pregnancy and lactation. Consult healthcare provider regarding specific risks. Consider alternative products with lower hazard profiles.

Regulatory consensus

8 regulatory and scientific bodies have classified Caffeic acid. The classifications differ — that's the data.

AgencyYearClassificationNotes
IARC1993Group 2B
US EPA1993not formally assessed as a carcinogen (no IRIS assessment); classified as non-genotoxic carcinogen producing tumors only at high doses with a threshold; risk-benefit context: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties at typical dietary exposures predominate
EPA CTX / IARCGroup 2B - Possibly carcinogenic to humans
EPA CTX / CalEPAKnown human carcinogen
EPA CTX / GenetoxGenotoxicity: positive (Ames: negative, 1 positive / 1 negative reports)
EPA CTX / GenetoxGenotoxicity: positive (Ames: negative, 1 positive / 1 negative reports)
EPA CTX / Skin-EyeSkin Irritation: SkinIrr2 (score: high)
EPA CTX / Skin-EyeSkin Sensitization: SkinSens1 (score: high)

Regulators apply different standards of evidence — animal-data weighting, exposure-pattern assumptions, epidemiological power thresholds — which is why two scientific bodies can review the same data and reach different conclusions. The disagreement is the data.

Where kids encounter caffeic acid

  • Industrial FacilitiesManufacturing plants, Chemical storage areas, Waste treatment sites
  • Occupational EnvironmentsFactories, Warehouses, Transportation vehicles

Safer alternatives

Lower-risk approaches that achieve a similar outcome to Caffeic acid:

  • Tocopherol (Vitamin E) based antioxidants
    Trade-offs: Lower thermal stability than synthetic BHT/BHA for some polymer applications.
    Relative cost: 2-5× conventional

Frequently asked questions

What products contain caffeic acid?

Caffeic acid appears in: Manufacturing plants (Industrial facilities); Chemical storage areas (Industrial facilities); Factories (Occupational environments); Warehouses (Occupational environments).

Why do regulators disagree about caffeic acid?

Caffeic acid has been classified by 8 agencies including IARC, US EPA, EPA CTX / IARC, EPA CTX / CalEPA, EPA CTX / Genetox, with differing conclusions. Regulators apply different standards of evidence (animal data weighting, exposure-pattern assumptions, epidemiological power thresholds), which is why two scientific bodies can review the same data and reach different conclusions. See the regulatory consensus table on this page for the full picture.

See Caffeic acid in the baby app

Look up products containing caffeic acid, compare to alternatives, and explore the full data record.

Open in baby View raw API data

Sources (2)

  1. IARC Monographs Volume 56: Some Naturally Occurring Substances — Caffeic Acid Group 2B; Rodent Forestomach Tumors; Hydroxycinnamic Acid; Coffee Source; Paradoxical Antioxidant Properties; IARC Coffee Reassessment 2016 (1993) — iarc_monograph
  2. NTP Technical Report: Caffeic Acid — Forestomach Tumors in Rodents at High Doses; Non-Genotoxic Threshold Mechanism; Human Relevance Limitations; Coffee Epidemiology Showing Reduced Cancer Risk (1991) — regulatory

Reference data, not professional advice. Aggregates publicly available regulatory and scientific data; not a substitute for veterinary, medical, legal, or regulatory advice. Why we built ALETHEIA →