Is Anatoxin-a safe for babies and kids?
High risk for kidsInfants are highly susceptible to Anatoxin-a due to lower body weight, immature detoxification pathways, and dietary exposure through contaminated grains or breast milk.
What is anatoxin-a?
The IUPAC name is 1-[(1R,6R)-9-azabicyclo[4.2.1]non-2-en-2-yl]ethanone.
Also known as: 1-[(1R,6R)-9-azabicyclo[4.2.1]non-2-en-2-yl]ethanone, Anatoxin A, Anatoxin I, Antx-A.
- IUPAC name
- 1-[(1R,6R)-9-azabicyclo[4.2.1]non-2-en-2-yl]ethanone
- CAS number
- 64285-06-9
- Molecular formula
- C10H15NO
- Molecular weight
- 165.23 g/mol
- SMILES
- CC(=O)C1=CCCC2CCC1N2
- PubChem CID
- 3034748
Risk for babies
High riskInfants are highly susceptible to Anatoxin-a due to lower body weight, immature detoxification pathways, and dietary exposure through contaminated grains or breast milk.
Neonates and infants up to 12 months have incomplete blood-brain barrier development, immature Phase I/II metabolic enzymes (particularly CYP3A4, UGT1A1), and higher gastrointestinal permeability. Equivalent doses produce higher internal concentrations and longer residence times.
Risk for pregnant and nursing people
Context-dependentPregnancy alters the metabolism and distribution of Anatoxin-a, potentially increasing fetal exposure. The developing embryo/fetus is vulnerable during organogenesis (weeks 3-8) and neurological development. Placental transfer should be assumed.
No specific reproductive toxicity data identified, but pregnancy-specific safety data is limited for most chemicals. Precautionary minimization of exposure is recommended.
Regulatory consensus
1 regulatory bodyhas classified Anatoxin-a.
| Agency | Year | Classification | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| WHO | — | Guideline value of 30 μg/L in recreational waters | For cyanotoxin-related risk management in water quality |
Regulators apply different standards of evidence — animal-data weighting, exposure-pattern assumptions, epidemiological power thresholds — which is why two scientific bodies can review the same data and reach different conclusions. The disagreement is the data.
Where kids encounter anatoxin-a
- Industrial Facilities — Manufacturing plants, Chemical storage areas, Waste treatment sites
- Occupational Environments — Factories, Warehouses, Transportation vehicles
Safer alternatives
Lower-risk approaches that achieve a similar outcome to Anatoxin-a:
-
Avoidance (no chemical substitute)
Trade-offs: Direct chemical substitution requires verification that the replacement does not introduce new hazards (regrettable substitution). Conduct full hazard assessment of proposed alternative before adoption.Relative cost: 1.2-2×
Frequently asked questions
Is anatoxin-a safe for kids?
Infants are highly susceptible to Anatoxin-a due to lower body weight, immature detoxification pathways, and dietary exposure through contaminated grains or breast milk.
What products contain anatoxin-a?
Anatoxin-a appears in: Manufacturing plants (Industrial facilities); Chemical storage areas (Industrial facilities); Factories (Occupational environments); Warehouses (Occupational environments).
What should I do if my child is exposed to anatoxin-a?
Minimize infant exposure through source control. For breastfeeding mothers: reduce maternal exposure. For formula-fed infants: use certified low-migration bottles and verified water sources. Consult pediatrician regarding any concerns.
See Anatoxin-a in the baby app
Look up products containing anatoxin-a, compare to alternatives, and explore the full data record.
Open in baby View raw API dataSources (3)
- WHO: Cyanobacterial Toxins — Anatoxin-a, nAChR Mechanism, VFDF History, Recreational Water Guideline (30 μg/L), Drinking Water Treatment, Freshwater Ecology, and Global HAB Epidemiology (2021 Background Document) (2021) — regulatory
- US EPA: Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water — Anatoxin-a, Cylindrospermopsin, Microcystins — Health Advisories, Treatment Technologies, Monitoring Guidance, and HAB Early Warning Systems (2019) (2019) — regulatory
- ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center: Cyanobacterial Toxins (Anatoxin-a, Microcystin) — Freshwater HAB Exposure in Dogs, Rapid-Onset Neurotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, Clinical Presentation, and Case Reports (2022) (2022) — veterinary
Reference data, not professional advice. Aggregates publicly available regulatory and scientific data; not a substitute for veterinary, medical, legal, or regulatory advice. Why we built ALETHEIA →