Is 2-Naphthylamine safe for babies and kids?
Context-dependent for kids(Babies-specific data is limited; this page draws from human pregnant context.) Pregnancy alters the metabolism and distribution of 2-Naphthylamine, potentially increasing fetal exposure. The developing embryo/fetus is vulnerable during organogenesis (weeks 3-8) and neurological development. Placental transfer should be assumed.
What is 2-naphthylamine?
The IUPAC name is naphthalen-2-amine.
Also known as: naphthalen-2-amine, 2-Aminonaphthalene, 2-Naphthalenamine, beta-Naphthylamine.
- IUPAC name
- naphthalen-2-amine
- CAS number
- 91-59-8
- Molecular formula
- C10H9N
- Molecular weight
- 143.18 g/mol
- SMILES
- C1=CC=C2C=C(C=CC2=C1)N
- PubChem CID
- 7057
Risk for babies
Context-dependentPregnancy alters the metabolism and distribution of 2-Naphthylamine, potentially increasing fetal exposure. The developing embryo/fetus is vulnerable during organogenesis (weeks 3-8) and neurological development. Placental transfer should be assumed.
No specific reproductive toxicity data identified, but pregnancy-specific safety data is limited for most chemicals. Precautionary minimization of exposure is recommended.
Risk for pregnant and nursing people
Context-dependentPregnancy alters the metabolism and distribution of 2-Naphthylamine, potentially increasing fetal exposure. The developing embryo/fetus is vulnerable during organogenesis (weeks 3-8) and neurological development. Placental transfer should be assumed.
No specific reproductive toxicity data identified, but pregnancy-specific safety data is limited for most chemicals. Precautionary minimization of exposure is recommended.
Regulatory consensus
10 regulatory and scientific bodies have classified 2-Naphthylamine. The classifications differ — that's the data.
| Agency | Year | Classification | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| IARC | 1987 | Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans) | IARC Supplement 7 (1987), originally evaluated in Monograph 4 (1974). Sufficient evidence in humans (bladder cancer in dye, rubber, and gas workers) and animals. One of the earliest industrially identified human carcinogens; bladder cancer clusters in the British dyestuffs industry were documented in the 1950s. Metabolized to N-hydroxy-2-naphthylamine → reactive N-acetoxy ester forming DNA adducts in urothelium. |
| US EPA | 2000 | known to be carcinogenic to humans | OSHA carcinogen standard (29 CFR 1910.1004); manufacturing, processing, and use banned in the US. 2-NA is also a minor component of tobacco smoke — contributing to tobacco-related bladder cancer risk. EPA has not established formal IRIS slope factor for 2-NA separately; regulated under OSHA carcinogen standards. |
| EPA CTX / NIOSH | — | potential occupational carcinogen | |
| EPA CTX / NTP RoC | — | Known Human Carcinogen | |
| EPA CTX / IARC | — | Group 1 - Carcinogenic to humans | |
| EPA CTX / CalEPA | — | Known human carcinogen | |
| EPA CTX / Genetox | — | Genotoxicity: positive (Ames: positive, 23 positive / 6 negative reports) | |
| EPA CTX / Genetox | — | Genotoxicity: positive (Ames: positive, 23 positive / 6 negative reports) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | Eye Irritation: Category 6.4A (Category 2A) (score: high) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | Skin Irritation: Category 6.3B (Category 3) (score: moderate) |
Regulators apply different standards of evidence — animal-data weighting, exposure-pattern assumptions, epidemiological power thresholds — which is why two scientific bodies can review the same data and reach different conclusions. The disagreement is the data.
Where kids encounter 2-naphthylamine
- Industrial Facilities — Manufacturing plants, Chemical storage areas, Waste treatment sites
- Occupational Environments — Factories, Warehouses, Transportation vehicles
Safer alternatives
Lower-risk approaches that achieve a similar outcome to 2-Naphthylamine:
-
Safer process chemistry; Green chemistry alternatives; Exposure controls
Trade-offs: Requires R&D investment to redesign synthesis routes; may reduce yield or throughput initially; long-term benefits include reduced waste treatment costs, regulatory compliance, and worker safety; 12 Principles of Green Chemistry framework available.Relative cost: 2-5×
Frequently asked questions
What products contain 2-naphthylamine?
2-Naphthylamine appears in: Manufacturing plants (Industrial facilities); Chemical storage areas (Industrial facilities); Factories (Occupational environments); Warehouses (Occupational environments).
Why do regulators disagree about 2-naphthylamine?
2-Naphthylamine has been classified by 10 agencies including IARC, US EPA, EPA CTX / NIOSH, EPA CTX / NTP RoC, EPA CTX / IARC, with differing conclusions. Regulators apply different standards of evidence (animal data weighting, exposure-pattern assumptions, epidemiological power thresholds), which is why two scientific bodies can review the same data and reach different conclusions. See the regulatory consensus table on this page for the full picture.
See 2-Naphthylamine in the baby app
Look up products containing 2-naphthylamine, compare to alternatives, and explore the full data record.
Open in baby View raw API dataSources (3)
- IARC Monographs Volume 4: 2-Naphthylamine (updated Supplement 7, 1987) (1987) — regulatory
- OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1004: alpha-Naphthylamine and beta-Naphthylamine (Carcinogen Standards) (1974) — regulatory
- ATSDR Toxicological Profile for Selected Aromatic Amines (1995) — report
Reference data, not professional advice. Aggregates publicly available regulatory and scientific data; not a substitute for veterinary, medical, legal, or regulatory advice. Why we built ALETHEIA →